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Longevity pathways and Autophagy

Autophagy is the catabolic process by which the cell eliminates unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components by delivering them into lysosomes where their degradation occur. It has a key role in slowing aging.

The autophagic process and types of autophagy.

Source: Hallmarks of Aging: Autophagic perspective

The four longetivity pathways, autophagy, and aging:

1

Inhibition

increases autophagy

slows aging

2

Inhibition

increases autophagy

slows aging

3

Activation

increases autophagy

slows aging

4

Sirtuins

Activation

increases autophagy

slows aging

Interplay amoung Longevity pathways

AMPK, mTOR, and Sirtuins (SIRT1) interact with each other. They can function individually or in combination to affect the aging process.

Individually:

  • AMPK is activated by metformin, resveratrol, and exercise.

  • SIRT1 is activated by resveratrol, NAD+, exercise, and calorie restriction CR

  • mTOR is inhibited by rapamycin, resveratrol, exercise, and CR.

 

Combination:

AMPK can be promoted by SIRT1 and mTOR, SIRT1 can be activated by AMPK and mTOR, and mTOR can be inhibited by AMPK & SIRT1.

Positive effect

Negative effect

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